Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry

The research developed a sustainable model for farmers transitioning to the Indonesian highlands using design thinking. The study used a qualitative methodology with a systematic literature review approach. The data came from journals indexed by Sinta, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus in the last decade. Data analysis used Evidence-Based Software Engineering (EBSE) while data analysis techniques with design thinking models include six social evolutions empathy, exploration, elaboration, exposure, execution, and expansion. The findings of the study showed the stages of empathy are social, cultural, and economic challenges of highland farmers in Indonesia. The exploration stage explored satellite technology and agroforestry, supporting nature preservation and improving farmers' welfare. Through elaboration, the development of training modules and technological support ensure long-term sustainability. The exposure phase of policy testing and community outreach introduced the benefits of agroforestry practices, while execution emphasizes the implementation of collaborative policies between farmers, governments, and related institutions. Lastly, expanding the implementation of solutions has proven to be effective in involving the younger generation and building a network of sustainable farmer communities in various regions in Indonesia. The implications of research with a design-based thinking approach create a more effective and relevant solution to the needs of local farmers. Further research explores the role of digital technology in supporting sustainable agriculture as well as further evaluation of the long-term success of implemented policies.